Since this has kind of turned into a GOAT thread, Ill throw in my two cents. Feel free to move this somewhere else if it fits better there. First, I dont think championships are a good measure of ranking. There is too much randomness that goes into winning it all - you need good health, a good FO, good coaching, no rare events etc. Anything that says Patrick McCaw is a better player than Linas Kleiza is incorrect.
So, how do you measure how "good" a player is? I think there are two factors that are important. The first is something I would refer to as championship equity. Given the overall package of skills, attitude, drive, health etc if you were to put this player on a team, how do much do they help you get a championship. This matters a lot for ranking role players (if you want to do that for some reason) when you consider guys like Robert Horry and why they are better than someone like Terrance Ross. When talking GOAT level players, health and attitude become the major factors since all of these guys have enough as far as skills to qualify. I think longevity is pretty important here since the discussion of which player had the best single season is not the same as who is the best player. I think you basically want to optimize on both height and length of peak for this factor. Portability does matter a bit here too, how well does your game survive if you are paired with another star level player (looking at you Russ).
The second factor is a way to hopefully address the eras issue. That is the question of how does a player perform against their peers over the course of their career. Whether LeBron would average a 40-15-15 against the 1947 BAA or not doesn't really matter here. This more of a question of how well does our player scale up against the other greats of his era. Alex Groza and Bill Walton both shine under this factor.
I haven't really looked into this numerically or anything, so this ranking is not based on any math but my feeling is that you can make a pretty clear hierarchy of top players with the above two factors. I also don't think you can walk away with a clear ordinal ranking, so I am going to group my list in tiers. Tiers ordered by time period. Showing active players with longer bodies of work with asterisks for where I think they end up (except Bron and CP3 who are already there)
Tier 0 - True GOATs
Bill Russell
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Michael Jordan
LeBron James
These four are pretty clearly the tippy top for me. All four were pretty much a guaranteed top 3 team in their primes and had relatively long lasting peaks for their eras. Three of the four were statistically the best player on the planet at their peaks. I think Russell was too since he absolutely dominated Wilt in the head-to-head.
Tier 1 - 2nd level GOATs
Wilt Chamberlain
Jerry West
Larry Bird
Magic Johnson
Shaquille O'Neal
Tim Duncan
Steph Curry*
All guys who had long careers at MVP level. Also amongst the most dominant players in their primes. They all missed on something that the tier 0 guys had but are the next tier of player in my mind. If I had to pick one guy to move up, I think its super close between Timmy and Magic and I am not sure who I would pick at the end.
Tier 2 - High level MVPs
Oscar Robertson
Moses Malone
Hakeem Olajuwon
Kevin Garnett
Kobe Bryant
Giannis Antetokounmpo*
These guys were basically in the MVP discussion every year of their prime. Some limitations in terms of what they offer for pushing championships (not enough scoring, not enough passing, etc).
Tier 3 - Frequently MVP level
Bob Pettit
Elgin Baylor
Julius Erving
Isiah Thomas
Chris Paul
Kevin Durant*
Joel Embiid*
Nikola Jokic*
Tier 2 but about 80% as good.
Tier 4 - Sometimes MVP + really good 2nd Bananas
Dolph Schayes
John Havliceck
Willis Reed
Walt Frazier
Rick Barry
Charles Barkley
Scottie Pippen
Patrick Ewing
David Robinson
Reggie Miller
Jason Kidd
Allen Iverson
Steve Nash
Dirk Nowitzki
Ben Wallace
Dwayne Wade
This is the last tier that is sort of a catchall for the top layer of players who don't fit into the above 3 tiers, were not deliberately ignored, or forgotten about by the author.
Whatever the lowest tier is
Kevin Pagnos
You know why.
Roughly a ranking of the top somethingish players of all time. A few players I was not really sure what to do with (Mikan, Cousy) or don't want to acknowledge (Utah Jazz players, Harden, Russ) were arbitrarily left off.